Please submit a course evaluation!

The Final Quiz, which is cumulative and worth 45 points, will be available on Canvas by Saturday, December 12 and must be submitted before midnight on Wednesday, December 16.

Lunch counter sit-in, 1961

I Am A Man March, 1965.

"Long Hot Summer of 1967" 159 events of civil unrest across the United States

Civil unrest in Watts, August, 1965.

Newark Rebellion, 1967.

Six days of unrest, 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries, 3,438 arrests, and over $40 million in property damage.

In Detroit, five days of unrest, 43 dead, 1,189 injured, over 7,200 arrests, and more than 2,000 buildings destroyed.

Duane Hanson, Race Riot, 1968.

Duane Hanson, Tourists II, 1988. Polyester resin, fiberglass and human paraphernalia.

• Star Trek airs first interracial kiss on U.S. television

• Night of the Living Dead

• First manned spacecraft orbits the moon. Apollo 11 will land on the moon the following year.

• Worst oil spill yet off the coast of Santa Barbara leads to the establishment of the EPA and largest oil reserve in North America discovered in Alaska

Tommie Smith (gold medal) and John Carlos (bronze medal) protest at 1968 Olympics in Mexico City

Eva Hesse, Ringaround ARosie, 1965.

“Art and work and art and life are very connected and my whole life has been absurd. There isn’t a thing in my life that has happened that hasn’t been extreme- personal health, family, economic situations…absurdity is the key word…It has to do with contradictions and oppositions. In the forms I use in my work the contradictions are certainly there.  I was always aware that I should take order versus chaos, stringy versus mass, huge versus small, and I would try to find the most absurd opposites or extreme opposities.” – Eva Hesse

Eva Hesse, Repetition Nineteen III, 1968.

"To roll, to fold, to bend, to shorten, to shave, to tear, to chip, to split, to cut, to splash..."

"process art"

"post-minimalism"

Richard Serra, Verb List, 1967.

Zeus or Poseidon, Bronze, 460 – 450 BCE.

Richard Serra throwing lead at Leo Castelli warehouse, 1969.

Richard Serra, Gutter Corner Splash/Night Shift, 1969/1995.

Lynda Benglis, pouring paint in 1969.

Lynda Benglis, Corner Piece, 1969.

Richard Serra, One Ton Prop (House of Cards), 1969.

Richard Serra, Balanced, 1970. Hot-rolled steel 246.4 x 157.5 x 2.5 cm 97 x 62 x 1".

Draft card burning, 1969

Malcolm Browne, Thích Quiang Duc's self-immolation, 1963

Post-Structuralism = a philosophical approach based on the idea that words and photographs are unstable and cannot be trusted, and that everything is a momentary construction with no ultimate meaning or truth.

East L.A. Brownout, 1968

1968 Earthwork movement launched by
group exhibition "Earthworks" at the Dwan Gallery

Entropy = 1) a measure of the amount of energy in a physical system that cannot be used to do work; a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, often interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system. 2) lack of order or predictability; gradual decline into disorder.

A classic example of entropy described in 1862 by Rudolf Clausius as an increase in the disgregation of the molecules of the body of ice.

Center for Land Use Interpretation, Michael Heizer, Double Negative present day

Robert Smithson, Partially Buried Woodshed, 1970 to present day.

in progress

January 1970

current state

John Paul Filo, 14-year-old Mary Ann Vecchio kneels over the dead body of Jeffrey Miller, who was shot by the Ohio National Guard during the Kent State shootings, 1970.

Hal Foster proposes "critical theory has served as a secret continuation of the avant-garde by other means. After the climax of the 1968 revolts, it also occupied the position of cultural politics, at least to the extent that radical rhetoric compensated a little for lost activism." Indeed, it is a popularly held view within cultural studies that the ’68 uprisings were the last genuine flowering of a politically emulsified avant-garde, the last moment – in the West at least – that art and politics met and worked towards a common aim before radical politics and contemporary art skulked off to their respective departments within the academy or under the bright lights of what Foster calls the ‘false pluralism of the posthistorical museum market where anything goes (as long as accepted forms predominate).’ - John Douglas Millar

Sigmar Polke, Dublin, 1968.

• Postmodernists believe that no single truth exists

• Everything that can be done, has been done

• Sense that the avant-garde has broken down -
  there is no longer a shared message or purpose

• Embrace diversity

• Encourage parody, irony and playfulness

Sigmar Polke, Bunnies, 1966.
Acrylic on canvas, 59 x 39-½ in.

• the painting is a copy of a photograph

• the photograph is a copy of the "original"

• the "original" may have been set up to remind the viewer of something prior

"This image does not represent reality, it represents paint." - David Hopkins

Gerhard Richter, Helen, 1964.

Gerhard Richter, Woman Descending Staircase, 1965.